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- 11 Jun 93 14:00 EDT
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- id AA12091; Fri, 11 Jun 1993 13:57:15 -0400
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- Received: by eve (4.1/4.7)
- id AA24356; Fri, 11 Jun 93 14:01:49 EDT
- Date: Fri, 11 Jun 93 14:01:49 EDT
- From: Dave Piscitello <dave@mail.bellcore.com>
- X-Station-Sent-From: eve.bellcore.com
- Message-Id: <9306111801.AA24356@eve>
- To: internet-drafts@IETF.CNRI.Reston.VA.US
- Subject: revised i-d
- Cc: pjs1@eve.bellcore.com
-
-
- Please post the following revision to draft-tuba-sysids-01.txt
- as -02.txt. Thanks in advance for your help.
-
- --------
-
- IETF Page 1
- May 27, 1993 System Identifiers for TUBA Internet Draft
-
-
- Assignment of System Identifiers for TUBA/CLNP Hosts
-
-
- David M. Piscitello
- Bellcore
- dave@sabre.bellcore.com
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its
- Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also
- distribute working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use
- Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than
- as a "working draft" or "work in progress."
-
- Please check the Internet Draft abstract listing contained in the
- IETF Shadow Directories (cd internet-drafts) to learn the current
- status of this or any other Internet Draft.
-
-
- Introduction
-
- This Internet-Draft specifies methods for assigning a 6 octet
- system identifier portion of the OSI NSAP address formats
- described in "Guidelines for OSI NSAP Allocation in the Internet"
- (RFC1237, 1991), in a fashion that ensures that the ID is unique
- within a routing domain. It also recommends methods for assigning
- system identifiers having lengths other than 6 octets. The 6
- octet system identifiers recommended in this Internet-Draft are
- assigned from 2 globally administered spaces (IEEE 802 or
- "Ethernet", and IP numbers, administered by the Internet Assigned
- Numbers Authority, IANA).
-
- At this time, the primary purpose for assuring uniqueness of
- system identifiers is to aid in autoconfiguration of NSAP
- addresses in TUBA/CLNP internets (RFC1347, 1992). The guidelines
- in this paper also establish an initial framework within which
- globally unique system identifiers, also called endpoint
- identifiers, may be assigned.
-
-
- Abstract
-
- This document describes conventions whereby the system identifier
- portion of an RFC1237 style NSAP address may be guaranteed
- uniqueness within a routing domain for the purpose of
- autoconfiguration in TUBA/CLNP internets. The mechanism is
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- IETF Page 2
- Internet Draft System Identifiers for TUBA May 27, 1993
-
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- extensible and can provide a basis for assigning system
- identifiers in a globally unique fashion.
-
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- Many thanks to Radia Perlman of Digital Equipment and Ross Callon
- of Wellfleet Communications for their insights and assistance.
- Thanks also to the Ethernet connector to my MAC, which
- conveniently and quite inobtrusively fell out, enabling me to get
- an entire day's worth of work done without email interruptions.
-
-
- 1. Background
-
- The general format of OSI network service access point (NSAP)
- addresses is illustrated in Figure 1.
-
- _______________________________________________
- |____IDP_____|_______________DSP______________|
- |__AFI_|_IDI_|_____HO-DSP______|___ID___|_SEL_|
-
- IDP Initial Domain Part
- AFI Authority and Format Identifier
- IDI Initial Domain Identifier
- DSP Domain Specific Part
- HO-DSP High-order DSP
- ID System Identifier
- SEL NSAP Selector
-
- Figure 1: OSI NSAP Address Structure.
-
- The recommended encoding and allocation of NSAP addresses in the
- Internet is specified in RFC 1237. RFC 1237 makes the following
- statements regarding the system identifier (ID) field of the
- NSAPA:
-
- 1. the ID field may be from one to eight octets in length
-
- 2. the ID must have a single known length in any particular
- routing domain
-
- 3. the ID field must be unique within an area for ESs and
- level 1 ISs, and unique within the routing domain for level
- 2 ISs.
-
- 4. the ID field is assumed to be flat
-
- RFC1237 further indicates that, within a routing domain that
- conforms to the OSI intradomain routing protocol (ISO 10589,
- 1992) the lower-order octets of the NSAP should be structured as
- the ID and SEL fields shown in Figure 1 to take full advantage of
- intradomain IS-IS routing. (End systems with addresses which do
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- IETF Page 3
- May 27, 1993 System Identifiers for TUBA Internet Draft
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- not conform may require additional manual configuration and be
- subject to inferior routing performance.)
-
- Both GOSIP Version 2 (under DFI-80h, see Figure 2a) and ANSI DCC
- NSAP addressing (Figure 2b) define a common DSP structure in
- which the system identifier is assumed to be a fixed length of 6
- octets.
-
- _______________
- |<--__IDP_-->_|___________________________________
- |AFI_|__IDI___|___________<--_DSP_-->____________|
- |_47_|__0005__|DFI_|AA_|Rsvd_|_RD_|Area_|ID_|Sel_|
- octets |_1__|___2____|_1__|_3_|__2__|_2__|_2___|_6_|_1__|
-
- Figure 2 (a): GOSIP Version 2 NSAP structure.
- ______________
- |<--_IDP_-->_|_____________________________________
- |AFI_|__IDI__|____________<--_DSP_-->_____________|
- |_39_|__840__|DFI_|_ORG_|Rsvd_|RD_|Area_|_ID_|Sel_|
- octets |_1__|___2___|_1__|__3__|_2___|_2_|__2__|_6__|_1__|
-
- IDP Initial Domain Part
- AFI Authority and Format Identifier
- IDI Initial Domain Identifier
- DSP Domain Specific Part
- DFI DSP Format Identifier
- ORG Organization Name (numeric form)
- Rsvd Reserved
- RD Routing Domain Identifier
- Area Area Identifier
- ID System Identifier
- SEL NSAP Selector
-
- Figure 2(b): ANSI NSAP address format for DCC=840
-
-
- 2. Autoconfiguration
-
- There are provisions in OSI for the autoconfiguration of area
- addresses. OSI end systems may learn their area addresses
- automatically by observing area address identified in the IS-
- Hello packets transmitted by routers using the ISO 9542 End
- System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol, and may then
- insert their own system identifier. (In particular, RFC 1237
- explains that when the ID portion of the address is assigned
- using IEEE style 48-bit identifiers, an end system can
- reconfigure its entire NSAP address automatically without the
- need for manual intervention.) End systems that have not been
- pre-configured with an NSAPA may also request an address from an
- intermediate system their area using (ISO 9542/DAM1, 1992).
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- Internet Draft System Identifiers for TUBA May 27, 1993
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- 2.1 Autoconfiguration and 48-bit addresses
-
- There is a general misassumption that the 6-octet system
- identifier must be a 48-bit IEEE assigned (ethernet) address.
- Generally speaking, autoconfiguration does not rely on the use of
- a 48-bit ethernet style address; any system identifier that is
- globally administered and is unique will do. The use of 48-bit/6
- octet system identifiers is "convenient...because it is the same
- length as an 802 address", but more importantly, choice of a
- single, uniform ID length allows for "efficient packet
- forwarding", since routers won't have to make on the fly
- decisions about ID length (see Perlman, 1992, pages 156-157).
- Still, it is not a requirement that system identifiers be 6
- octets to operate the the IS-IS protocol, and IS-IS allows for
- the use of IDs with lengths from 1 to 8 octets.
-
-
- 3. System Identifiers for TUBA/CLNP
-
- Autoconfiguration is a desirable feature for TUBA/CLNP, and is
- viewed by some as "essential if a network is to scale to a truly
- large size" (Perlman, 1992).
-
- For this purpose, and to accommodate communities who do not wish
- to use ethernet style addresses, a generalized format that
- satisfies the following criteria is desired:
-
- o+ the format is compatible with installed end systems
- complying to RFC 1237
-
- o+ the format accommodates 6 octet, globally unique system
- identifiers that do not come from the ethernet address space
-
- o+ the format accommodates globally unique system identifiers
- having lengths other than 6 octets
-
- The format and encoding of a globally unique system identifier
- that meets these requirements is illustrated in Figure 3:
-
-
- Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 ... Octet LLL-1 Octet LLLL
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+- ...-+-----------+-----------+
- | xxxx TTQQ | xxxx xxxx | xxxx xxxx | | xxxx xxxx | xxxx xxxx |
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+- ...-+-----------+-----------+
-
- Figure 3. General format of the system identifier
-
- 3.1 IEEE 802 Form of System Identifier
-
- The format is compatible with globally assigned IEEE 802
- addresses. Octet 1 identifies a 2 bit qualifier (QQ) and an
- optional subtype (TT) whose semantics are associated with the
- qualifier. If the qualifier QQ equals 00 or 01, there is no
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- May 27, 1993 System Identifiers for TUBA Internet Draft
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- subtype (I told you it was optional); the system identifier is
- interpreted as a 48-bit, globally unique identifier assigned from
- the IEEE 802 committee (an ethernet address). The remaining bits
- in octet 1, together with octets 2 and 3 are the vendor code or
- OUI (organizationally unique identifier), as illustrated in
- Figure 4. The ID is encoded in IEEE 802 canonical form.
-
-
- Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4 Octet 5 Octet 6
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
- | VVVV VV00 | VVVV VVVV | VVVV VVVV | SSSS SSSS | SSSS SSSS | SSSS SSSS |
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
-
- |------------vendor code -----------|--------station code---------------|
-
- Figure 4. IEEE 802 form of system identifier
-
-
- 4. Embedded IP Address as System Identifier
-
- If qualifer QQ = 10, the subtype (TT) bits in Figure 3 are
- relevant. If the subtype (TT) = 00, then the length of the
- system identifier is 48-bits/6 octets. The remaining nibble in
- octet 1 is set to zero. Octet 2 is reserved and has a pre-
- assigned value (see Figure 5). Octets 3 through 6 contain a
- valid IP address, assigned by IANA. Each octet of the IP address
- is encoded in binary, in internet canonical form, i.e., the
- leftmost bit of the network number first.
-
-
- Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4 Octet 5 Octet 6
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
- | 0000 0010 | 1010 1010 | aaaa aaaa | bbbb bbbb | cccc cccc | dddd dddd |
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
-
- |-len&Type--|--reserved-|---------IP address----------------------------|
-
- Figure 5. Embedded IP address as system identifier
-
- As an example, the host "eve.bellcore.com = 128.96.90.55" could
- retain its IP address as a system identifier in a TUBA/CLNP
- network. The encoded ID is illustrated in Figure 6.
-
-
- Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4 Octet 5 Octet 6
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
- | 0000 0010 | 1010 1010 | 1000 0000 | 0110 0000 | 0101 1010 | 0011 0111 |
- +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
-
- |-len&Type--|--reserved-|---------IP address----------------------------|
-
- Figure 6. Example of IP address encoded as ID
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- IETF Page 6
- Internet Draft System Identifiers for TUBA May 27, 1993
-
-
- H 2 "Other forms of System Identifiers"
-
- To allow for the future definition of additional 6-octet system
- identifiers, the remaining qualifier/subtype values are reserved.
-
- It is also possible to identify system identifiers with lengths
- other than 6 octets. Communities who wish to use 8 octet
- identifiers (for example, embedded E.164 international numbers
- for the ISDN ERA) must use a GOSIP/ANSI DSP format that allows
- for the specification of 2 additional octets in the ID field,
- perhaps at the expense of the "Rsvd" fields; this document
- recommends that a separate Domain Format Indicator value be
- assigned for such purposes; i.e., a DFI value that is interpreted
- as saying, among other things, "the system identifier encoded in
- this DSP is 64-bits/8 octets. The resulting ANSI/GOSIP DSP
- formats under such circumstances are illustrated in Figure 7:
-
- ______________
- |<--_IDP_-->_|______________________________
- |AFI_|__IDI__|____________<--_DSP_-->_______|
- |_39_|__840__|DFI_|_ORG_|RD_|Area_|_ID_|Sel_|
- octets |_1__|___2___|_1__|__3__|_2_|__2__|_8__|_1__|
-
- Figure 7a: ANSI NSAP address format for DCC=840, DFI=foo
-
- _______________
- |<--__IDP_-->_|___________________________________
- |AFI_|__IDI___|___________<--_DSP_-->____________|
- |_47_|__0005__|DFI_|AA_|_RD_|Area_|ID_|Sel_|
- octets |_1__|___2____|_1__|_3_|_2__|_2___|_8_|_1__|
-
- IDP Initial Domain Part
- AFI Authority and Format Identifier
- IDI Initial Domain Identifier
- DSP Domain Specific Part
- DFI DSP Format Identifier
- AA Administrative Authority
- RD Routing Domain Identifier
- Area Area Identifier
- ID System Identifier
- SEL NSAP Selector
-
- Figure 7b: GOSIP Version 2 NSAP structure, DFI=bar
-
- Similar address engineering can be applied for those communities
- who wish to have shorter system identifiers; have another DFI
- assigned, and expand the reserved field.
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- May 27, 1993 System Identifiers for TUBA Internet Draft
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- 5. Conclusions
-
- This proposal should debunk the "if it's 48-bits, it's gotta be
- an ethernet address" myth. It demonstrates how IP addresses may
- be encoded within the 48-bit system identifier field in a
- compatible fashion with IEEE 802 addresses, and offers guidelines
- for those who wish to use system identifiers other than those
- enumerated here.
-
-
- 6. References
-
- RFC1237. Callon, R., Gardner, E., and Colella, R. "Guidelines
- for OSI NSAP Allocation in the Internet", June 1991.
-
- RFC1347. Callon, R., "TCP/UDP over Big Addresses (TUBA)", May 1992.
-
- ISO 10589. ISO, Intradomain routing protocol for use in conjunction with
- ISO 8473, Protocol for providing the OSI connectionless
- network service.
-
- ISO 9542. ISO, End-system and intermediate-system routing protocol
- for use in conjunction with ISO 8473, Protocol for
- providing the OSI connectionless network service.
-
- ISO 9542/DAM1. ISO, End-system and intermediate-system routing protocol
- for use in conjunction with ISO 8473, Protocol for
- providing the OSI connectionless network service.
- Amendment 1: Dynamic Discovery of OSI NSAP Addresses
- End Systems.
-
- Perlman Perlman, Radia., Interconnections: Bridges and Routers,
- Addison-Wesley Publishers, Reading, MA. 1992.
-
-
- 7. Author Information
-
- David M. Piscitello
- Bell Communications Research
- NVC 1C322
- 331 Newman Springs Road
- Red Bank, NJ 07701
- dave@mail.bellcore.com
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